NOTE 1: NOUNS

A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea. Whatever exists, we assume, can be named, and that name is a noun.

A proper noun, which names a specific person, place, or thing. Basically its used as an addressed person's name is called a noun of address. Common nouns name everything else, things that usually are not capitalize, for example :  

• ·   Carlos, Queen Marguerite

• ·   Middle East, Jerusalem

• ·   Malaysia

• ·   Presbyterianism , etc

Nouns also can be classified further as count nouns, which name anything that can be counted

• ·         four books, two continents, a few dishes, a dozen buildings

while non-count nouns which name something that can't be counted

• ·         water, air, energy, blood

and collective nouns, which can take a singular form but are composed of more than one individual person or items

• ·         jury, team, class, committee, herd

Nouns can be in the subjective, possessive, and objective case. Nouns in the subject and object role are identical in form; nouns that show the possessive, however, take a different form. Usually an apostrophe is added followed by the letter s (except for plurals, which take the plural "-s" ending first, and then add the apostrophe).